Examples of NPV (Net Present Value)

The following NPV examples (Net Present Value) provides an outline of the most common investment decisions. It is impossible to provide a complete set of examples that address every variation in every situation since there are thousands of such projects with Net Present Value analysis. Each example of the  NPV states the topic, the relevant reasons, and additional comments as needed

The net present value is the difference between the present value of future cash inflow and the present value of cash outflow over a period of time. NPV is widely used in capital budgetingCapital BudgetingCapital budgeting is the planning process for the long-term investment that determines whether the projects are fruitful for the business and will provide the required returns in the future years or not. It is essential because capital expenditure requires a considerable amount of funds.read more and to know the profitability of the project.

  • If the Net present value is positive, then the project should be accepted. It indicates that earning from the project is more than the amount invested in the project, so the project should be accepted.If the Net present value is negative, then it indicates that the project in which we invested the money does not provide a positive return, so the project should be rejected.

Mathematically, NPV FormulaNPV FormulaNet Present Value (NPV) estimates the profitability of a project and is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over the project’s time period. If the difference is positive, the project is profitable; otherwise, it is not.read more is represented as,

Where

  • i stands for the Required Rate of ReturnRequired Rate Of ReturnRequired Rate of Return (RRR), also known as Hurdle Rate, is the minimum capital amount or return that an investor expects to receive from an investment. It is determined by, Required Rate of Return = (Expected Dividend Payment/Existing Stock Price) + Dividend Growth Rateread more or Discount Ratet stands for Time or Number of Period

Examples of Net Present Value (NPV)

Let’s see some simple to advanced examples of Net present value to understand it better.

Example #1

Company A ltd wanted to know their net present value of cash flow if they invest 100000  today. And their initial investment in the project is 80000 for the 3 years of time, and they are expecting the rate of return is 10 % yearly. From the above available information, calculate the NPV.

Solution:

Calculation of NPV can be done as follows,

NPV = Cash flows /(1- i)t – Initial investment

= 100000/(1-10)^3-80000

NPV = 57174.21

So in this example, NPV is positive, so we can accept the project.

Example #2

In 2nd example, we will take the example of WACC (weighted average cost of capital) for calculating the NPV because, in WACC, we consider the weight of equity and debt also the cost of equity and debt. Calculate the NPV.

Company XYZ Ltd provides the following detail regarding their project for 10 years.

Free cash flow to the firmFree Cash Flow To The FirmFCFF (Free cash flow to firm), or unleveled cash flow, is the cash remaining after depreciation, taxes, and other investment costs are paid from the revenue. It represents the amount of cash flow available to all the funding holders – debt holders, stockholders, preferred stockholders or bondholders.read more is given below over a period of time. And + [Cost of Debt * % of Debt * (1-Tax Rate)]” url=”https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/weighted-average-cost-capital-wacc/”]WACC”WACC””The is 15 %

NPV =1104.55

In this example also Net present value is positive, so we can, or we should accept the project

Example #3

Maruti is in the business of auto and ancillary, and they want to start their subsidiary business as an expansion plan for assembling the auto part, so they had provided the below information for calculating the NPV. They want to know should this project will be feasible or not.

  • Cost of equity – 35%Cost of debt – 15%The weight of equity – 20%The weight of debt – 80 %Tax rate – 32%Cash flow is given below for 7 year2010= -120002011=100002012=110002013=120002014=130002015=140002016=15000

Find the NPV with the help of WACC.

Calculation of WACC can be done as follows,

WACC formulaWACC FormulaThe weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the average rate of return a company is expected to pay to all shareholders, including debt holders, equity shareholders, and preferred equity shareholders. WACC Formula = [Cost of Equity * % of Equity] + [Cost of Debt * % of Debt * (1-Tax Rate)]read more = WeCe+WdCd*(1-tax rate)

= 2035+8015*(1-32)

WACC = 15.16%

NPV = 29151.0

In this example, we are getting a positive net present value of future cash flows, so in this example also we will accept the project.

Example #4

Toyota wants to set up one new plant for expansion of current business, so they want to check the feasibility of the project. Toyota had provided the following information regarding cash flows and WACC. Cash flow during the period is as follows.

  • 2008 = -40002009= -50002010= 60002011=70002012=90002013= 1200

NPV = 12348.33

This has been a guide to NPV Examples. Here we learn how to calculate NPV (Net Present Value) step by step with the help of practical examples. You may learn more about financing from the following articles –

  • Examples of Capital BudgetingExamples Of Capital BudgetingCapital budgeting primarily refers to the decision-making process related to investment in long-term projects, which includes the capital budgeting process conducted by an organization to decide whether to continue with the existing machinery or buy a new one in place of the old machinery.read moreFormula of Time Value of MoneyPV of an AnnuityNPV vs IRRNPV Vs IRRThe Net Present Value (NPV) method calculates the dollar value of future cash flows which the project will produce during the particular period of time whereas the internal rate of return (IRR) calculates the profitability of the project.read more