What is OIBDA?

OIBDA is operating income before depreciation and amortization. It is calculated by adding depreciation and amortization to operating income (excluding non-recurring items). Companies in their fillings do not generally report it as it is a non-GAAP measure.

  • The companies use operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization to give a clearer picture of the profitability in continuing business activities without considering the effects of capitalization and tax structure.Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization acts as the proxy for cash generated irrespective of its capital structure and taxes and excludes non-operating expenses like tax deductions, long-term capital investmentsCapital InvestmentsCapital Investment refers to any investments made into the business with the objective of enhancing the operations. It could be long term acquisition by the business such as real estates, machinery, industries, etc.read more in equipment, and intangible assets like the trademark.

Calculate OIBDA – Colgate Example

Let us now calculate the OIBDA of Colgate. Below is the snapshot of Colgate’s Income Statement –

source: Colgate SEC Filings

OIBDA vs EBITDA – Colgate Example

Though OIBDA vs. EBITDA is similar in many ways, they will differ by other non-operating expensesOther Non-operating ExpensesNon operating expenses are those payments which have no relation with the principal business activities. These are the non-recurring items that appear in the company’s income statement, along with the regular business expenses.read more.during the calculation. In the absence of non-operating and non-financial income and expenses, both OIBDA vs. EBITDA will be the same.

  • Find the Operating Profit as per the Income Statement Operating Profit as per the Income Statement is as per belowOperating Profit (2017) = $3,589 millionOperating Profit (2016) = $3,837 millionOperating Profit (2015) = $2,789 million Find the Non-Recurring Charges included in the Income Statement The income statement of Colgate contains two types of non-recurring itemsTypes Of Non-recurring ItemsNon-recurring items are income statement entries that are unusual and unexpected during regular business operations; examples include profits or losses from sale of asset, impairment costs, restructuring costs, and losses in lawsuits, and inventory write-off.read more– Charge for Venezuela accounting change is a non-recurring item.– Other expenseOther ExpenseOther expenses comprise all the non-operating costs incurred for the supporting business operations. Such payments like rent, insurance and taxes have no direct connection with the mainstream business activities.read more also contains some of the non-recurring chargessource: Colgate SEC FilingsIn the above table, only the amortization of intangible assetsAmortization Of Intangible AssetsAmortization of Intangible Assets refers to the method by which the cost of the company’s various intangible assets (such as trademarks, goodwill, and patents) is expensed over a specific time period. This time frame is typically the expected life of the asset.read more is a recurring charge. All others included in the table are non-recurring in nature.Non Recurring Charges (2017) = $169 – $11 + $1 = $159 millionNon Recurring Charges (2016) = $105 – $97 + $17 – $10 – $11 = $4 millionNon Recurring Charges (2015) = $1084 (venezuela charges) + $170 + $14 + $34 – $187 – $8 + $6 = $1113 million Find Operating Profit (excluding the non recurring charges) Operating Profit, excluding non recurring charges (2017) = $3,589 + $159 = $3,748 millionOperating Profit, excluding non recurring charges(2016) = $3,837 +u00a0$4 = $3,841 millionOperating Profit,excluding non recurring charges (2015) = $2,789 + $1,113 = $3,902 million Find Depreciation and Amortizationsource: Colgate SEC Filings From the cash flow statementsCash Flow StatementsA Statement of Cash Flow is an accounting document that tracks the incoming and outgoing cash and cash equivalents from a business.read more, we have the followingDepreciation and Amortization (2017) = $475 millionDepreciation and Amortization (2016) = $443 millionDepreciation and Amortization (2016) = $449 million Calculate OIBDA using the Formula OIBDA Formula = Operating Income (net of non recurring items) + Depreciation + AmortizationOIBDA (2017) =u00a0$3,748 +u00a0$475 = $4223 millionOIBDA (2016) = $3,841 + $443 = $4223 millionOIBDA (2015) = $3,902 + $449 = $4,351 million

Operating Profit as per the Income Statement is as per belowOperating Profit (2017) = $3,589 millionOperating Profit (2016) = $3,837 millionOperating Profit (2015) = $2,789 million

The income statement of Colgate contains two types of non-recurring itemsTypes Of Non-recurring ItemsNon-recurring items are income statement entries that are unusual and unexpected during regular business operations; examples include profits or losses from sale of asset, impairment costs, restructuring costs, and losses in lawsuits, and inventory write-off.read more– Charge for Venezuela accounting change is a non-recurring item.– Other expenseOther ExpenseOther expenses comprise all the non-operating costs incurred for the supporting business operations. Such payments like rent, insurance and taxes have no direct connection with the mainstream business activities.read more also contains some of the non-recurring chargessource: Colgate SEC FilingsIn the above table, only the amortization of intangible assetsAmortization Of Intangible AssetsAmortization of Intangible Assets refers to the method by which the cost of the company’s various intangible assets (such as trademarks, goodwill, and patents) is expensed over a specific time period. This time frame is typically the expected life of the asset.read more is a recurring charge. All others included in the table are non-recurring in nature.Non Recurring Charges (2017) = $169 – $11 + $1 = $159 millionNon Recurring Charges (2016) = $105 – $97 + $17 – $10 – $11 = $4 millionNon Recurring Charges (2015) = $1084 (venezuela charges) + $170 + $14 + $34 – $187 – $8 + $6 = $1113 million

Operating Profit, excluding non recurring charges (2017) = $3,589 + $159 = $3,748 millionOperating Profit, excluding non recurring charges(2016) = $3,837 +u00a0$4 = $3,841 millionOperating Profit,excluding non recurring charges (2015) = $2,789 + $1,113 = $3,902 million

From the cash flow statementsCash Flow StatementsA Statement of Cash Flow is an accounting document that tracks the incoming and outgoing cash and cash equivalents from a business.read more, we have the followingDepreciation and Amortization (2017) = $475 millionDepreciation and Amortization (2016) = $443 millionDepreciation and Amortization (2016) = $449 million

OIBDA Formula = Operating Income (net of non recurring items) + Depreciation + AmortizationOIBDA (2017) =u00a0$3,748 +u00a0$475 = $4223 millionOIBDA (2016) = $3,841 + $443 = $4223 millionOIBDA (2015) = $3,902 + $449 = $4,351 million

Please see below the calculation of EBITDA of Colgate for 2015, 2016, and 2017.

Now see the calculation of OIBDA that excludes all the nonrecurring items.

In most cases, non-operating income and expenses are non-recurring, and it is normal not to include those in financial calculations done by Financial Analysts. So OIBDA is more accurate than EBITDAEBITDAEBITDA refers to earnings of the business before deducting interest expense, tax expense, depreciation and amortization expenses, and is used to see the actual business earnings and performance-based only from the core operations of the business, as well as to compare the business’s performance with that of its competitors.read more.

Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization Explained in Detail

  • Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization is gaining popularity as companies are not interested in using earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA).Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization does not consider the non-operating income, which is an advantage because non-operating income usually does not happen year after year. Its marking makes sure that all the income reflects only the income from regular operations.Since all valuation methods start with DCFDCFDiscounted cash flow analysis is a method of analyzing the present value of a company, investment, or cash flow by adjusting future cash flows to the time value of money. This analysis assesses the present fair value of assets, projects, or companies by taking into account many factors such as inflation, risk, and cost of capital, as well as analyzing the company’s future performance.read more,Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization is an important part of the detailed financial analysis. A close eye is kept on the changes and patterns in this metric, as that can be a signal of changes in core operations.The depreciation and amortization are added to the operating income since depreciation and amortization are typically included.Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization measures income exclusive of the effects of a company’s capital spending choices. It also does not show the cash used for debt services, distributions, or other operating expensesOperating ExpensesOperating expense (OPEX) is the cost incurred in the normal course of business and does not include expenses directly related to product manufacturing or service delivery. Therefore, they are readily available in the income statement and help to determine the net profit.read more that are non-core. With the help of Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization, the investors get a better understanding of the efficiency of a company’s operations.

Advantages of OIBDA

Disadvantages of OIBDA

  • Calculations are quite complex.Since it is a non-GAAP method, non-standard earnings calculations are done, which may get creative at times. Distinctions between expenses can get blurred, like extraordinary and recurring expenses.Since Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization is a non-GAAP method, there are no specific standards regarding what to include in its calculation. So multiple earnings calculation methods should be used instead.

Video on OIBDA

Conclusion

Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization is an important measure to gauge cash generated by a firm irrespective of taxes and capital structure. That’s why it can be used as a tool to design mergers and acquisitions and restructuringRestructuringRestructuring is defined as actions an organization takes when facing difficulties due to wrong management decisions or changes in demographic conditions. Therefore, tries to align its business with the current profitable trend by a) restructuring its finances by debt issuance/closures, issuance of new equities, selling assets, or b) organizational restructuring, which includes shifting locations, layoffs, etc.read more. This measure can be used effectively to calculate a company’s total enterprise valueTotal Enterprise ValueEnterprise value (EV) is the corporate valuation of a company, determined by using market capitalization and total debt.read more.  If a company wants to please its stockholders, then the higher value of Operating Income before Depreciation and Amortization is very important.

This has been a guide to OIBDA, its formula, and its calculation. Here we discuss the Colgate OIBDA example and highlight the differences between OBIDA and EBITDA. You may learn more about ratio analysis from the following articles –

  • EBITDAREBIT vs. EBITDA – DifferencesEBITDA vs. Operating IncomeWhat is Quality of Earnings?